prefixation(prefixation什么意思)

prefixation和suffixation的区别

prefixation 是前缀法,例如：un happy / dis like /ab normal

prefixation(prefixation什么意思)

prefixation(prefixation什么意思)

suffixation 是后缀法 例如：happi ness / sadd ness / move ment

详细的话请看英语语言学教程 或词汇学教程

词汇学单元简答题(1)

clipping

Clipping is a way of new words which involves the shortening of a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead

root

Root is a morpheme which is the basic part of a word and which can not be further yzed without total loss of identity / which remains of a word after the removal of all affixes

word

A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function

prefixation

Prefixation is the formation of a new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning

free morphemes

Free morphemes are independent of other morphemes and he complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words

What are the main sources of new words

Generally there are three main sources of new words; the rapid dlopment of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of other cultures and languages

What are the major differences between basic word stock and non basic vocabulary

All national character

Stability

Productivity

Polysemy

Collocability

Words, void of stated characteristics, do not belong to the common core of the language and are nonbasic words

全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及

2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷＋

(课程代码 0832)

部分 选择题

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative

answers．Choose the one that would best complete the

statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％)

1． There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______.

A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral

C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ]

2． Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?

A．Colloquial B．Slang

C．Negative D．Literary [ ]

3． Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.

A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete

C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ]

4． In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，

A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French

C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ]

5． Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．

A．formal B．concrete

C．free D．bound [ ]

6． Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?

A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat

C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ]

7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.

A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes

C．language notes D．all of the above [ ]

8． From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to

A．German B．French

C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ]

9． Which of the following is NOT an acronym?

A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY

C．BASIC D． [ ]

10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word

meaning．

A．eight B．six

C．sn D．five [ ]

11．Sources of homonyms include____.

A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing

C．shortening D．all of the above [ ]

12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．

A．selective B．adequate

C．imperfect D．natural [ ]

13．Structurally a____is the allest meaningful unit of a language．

A．molpheme B．stem

C．word D．compound [ ]

14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．

A．sufrixes B．prefixes

C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ]

15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.

Latin，____.

A．Scandinian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinian

C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ]

第二部分 非选择题

Ⅱ．Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or

expressions according to the course book．

16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.

17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary．

18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually mas to give hints or

____in the context to the readers．

19．Radiation and____are the two cois which the dlopment of word

meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．

20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.

Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in

Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation.

and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．

A B

( )21．skill A．back—formation

( )22．babysit B．blendlng

( )23．equiz C．French origin

( )24．comition／compounding D．SCandinianorigin

( )25．government E．clipping

( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms

( )27．gent G. Germanic

( )28．English H．absolute synonyms

( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms

( )30．big／all J．contrary terms

IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)

types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of

meanings,3)processes of meaning dlopment，and 4)

forlnation of eompounds．

31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head tO the body；

a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( )

32．contradict ( )

33．mother：love，care ( )

34．upcoming ( )

35．window shopping ( )

36．radlos ( )

37．property dloper ( )

38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed；

later meaning：a person proed for a place，award etc．

( )overcoat

39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man

40．northward ( )

V. Define the following terms.

41.encyclopendia

42.borrcwed

43.blending

44.extension

45.phrasal verb

VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be

Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.

46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.

47.what is extra-linguistic context?

48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.

49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then

what contextual you to work out the meaning.

Carnivores are very erous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in

The street and ate it.

50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.

英语词汇学 (课程代码 0832)

I．Each Of the tements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that

would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．

1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A

11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B

II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the

course book．

16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized

18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500

III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)

word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms．

21．D 22．A

23．B 24．H

25．C 26．I

27．E 28．G

29．F 30．J

IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes

underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning dlopment，and 4)formation of

compounds．

31．radiation 32．bound root

33．connotative meaning 34．a+v-ing

35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme

37．n+v-er 3.concatenation

39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix

V．Definefollowingterms．

41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic rmation concerning each headword；it is not

concerned with the language per se.

42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages．

43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part

of another word．

44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now

become generalized．

45.idiom comed of a verb plus a preition and／or a particle．

VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your

answers in the space given below．

46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning.

e.g．treat--maltreat

Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ——

employer

47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation．

(2)components

a.participants(addresser and addressee)

writer and reader

speaker and listener／hearer

b.time and place

c.cultural background

48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages．

2)he more than one sense．

3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and

synchronic approach．

VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below．

49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore

(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger

(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all

(4)carnivore may feed on meat

(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal

50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations

suggested by the conceptual meaning．

(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual

context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably

according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual．

(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is

often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or n hell．

高分！找下大学英语专业词汇学的讲义或重点。

不知道 你们是什么课本 这个是我们上学期考过的

Lexicology—a branch of linguistics concerned with the vocabulary of the English language in respect to words and word equivalents

Word—word is a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning, capable of performing a given syntactic function.

Native/Borrow words—words of Anglo-Saxon origion or of Old English are native words. While those borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.

The basic word stock—is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over a number of epochs.

Common words—are words connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to ryday life.

Literary words—are chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches.

Colloquial words—In contrast with literary words, are used mainly in spoken English, as in conversation among friends and colleagues.

Slang words—words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature. Invented for specific occasions or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary.

Technical words—refer to those words used in various special fields. Every branch of science,ry profession or trade,ry art and ry sort of sport has its own technical terms.

Function words—are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, preitions, auxiliaries, and so forth.

Morpheme—the minimal meaningful unit of the English language,sesses both sound and meaning.

Free morpheme—is one that can stand by itself as a complete utterance.

Bound morpheme—can not exist on its own;it must appear with at least one other morpheme,free or bound.

Affixes—is a “collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.”

Hybrid—is a word made up of elements from two or more different languages.

Word-formation rules—the rules of word-formation define the scope and mods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.

Root—is a form which is not further ysable,either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.

Base—is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

Compounding or comition is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit,a compound word.

Derivation—is a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element,such as a prefix,suffix or combining form,to an already existing word.

Prefixation—is the formation of new words by adding a prefix or combining form to the base.

Suffixation—is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base,and usually changing the word-class of the base.

Conversion—is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.

Initiali—is a type of shortening,using the first letters of words to form a proper name,a technical term,or a phrase;an initiali is pronounced letter by letter.

Acronyms—are words formed from the intial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term,etc.

Clipping—the process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word,which is also ailable in its full form.—back Clipping+front Clipping

Blending—is a process of word formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meaning and sounds of two words,one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.-- chinglish

Back-formation—is a term used to refer to a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a suped affix from a longer form already present in the language.

Reduplication—is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the repetition of one word.

Neoclassical-- formation demotes the process by which new words are formed elements derived from Latin and Greek.

Conventionality—most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols; consequently ,there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.There is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community he agreed to use one to designate the other.

Motivation—refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.

Denotative meaning—is the central factor in linguistic communication.

Connotative meaning—refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one`s mind.

Social or stylistic meaning—is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstance of its use.

Affective meaning—is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.

Polysemy—is a term used in semantic ysis to refer to a lexical which has a range of different meanings.

Homonymy—In the English language,there are many pairs or groups of words,which,though different in meaning,are pronounced alike,or spelled alike,or both.Such words are called homonymy.

Synonym—a word hing the same meaning as another word.

Hyponymy—is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical s, such that the former is ‘included’ in the latter.

有没有能查数学，物理，化学的专业英语词汇的软件

有没有能查数学，物理，化学的专业英语词汇的软件 有道翻译好点

有没有隧道和的专业英语词汇？谢谢！

elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架

mine railway 矿区

funicular (railway) 缆索，登山

light railway line 轻便铁道

railway 市区

railway neork 网

railway transport 运输

trial run 试车

open to traffic 通车

porter 搬运工人

ticket inspector 查票员

ticket 车票

single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票

return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票

platform ticket 站台票

railway station 车站

station hall 车站大厅

rmation desk 服务台

waiting room 候车室

passenger station 客车站

time-table 时刻表

arrival time-table 到站时刻表

departure time-table 发车时刻表

ticket-collector, gateman 收票员

ticket off, booking off 售票处

junction 枢纽站

rail and water terminal 水陆联运站

platform bridge 天桥

luggage barrow 推行李车

enquiry off, rmation desk 问讯处

way station 小站

label 行李标签

luggage off 行李房

left-luggage off 行李暂存处

platform-ticket 验票口

barrier 栅栏门

platform 站台

(electric) platform truck 站台车

platform tunnel 站台地道

platform roofing 站台顶棚

station- 站长

terminal; terminus 终点站

escalator 自动扶梯

The train lees the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站

to he one's ticket punched （给检票员）检票

10 minutes behind schedule 晚点十分钟

to change trains at... 在（某地）换车

The train is due at... 在（某时）到达

to break the journey 中途下车

dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车

pantry 餐车食品室

open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车

carriage, coach, car 车厢

roof 车顶

concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷

step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板

gangway （车厢的）通道

lidded ashtray 带盖烟灰盒

tank wagon 罐车

mixed train 混合列车

freight train, goods train 货物列车

engine, lootive 机车

window seat 靠窗座位

coach, passenger train 客车

express train, express 快车

refrigerator wagon 冷藏车

car attendant; train attendant 列车员

guard, conductor 列车长

slow train, way train 慢车

covered wagon van, box car 棚车

ordinary train 普通列车

sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车

up train 上行车

livestock wagon 牲畜车

sleeping car, sleeper 卧车

down train 下行车

luggage van, baggage car 行李车

rack, baggage rack 行李架

sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车

ordinary seat 硬席

carriage with semicushioned seats 硬座车

mail car 邮政车

mail and luggage van 邮政行李车

through train 直达车

special train 专车

point an, switchman 道岔工人

signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号

semaphore signal, home signal 臂板信号

warehouse 仓库

siding, sidetrack 侧线，旁轨

turnout 岔道

weighing machine 秤重机

derailing （火车）出轨

single line (track) rail 单线

points, switches 道岔

switch lock, point lock 道岔锁

wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）

marshalling yard, sting yard 调车场

dispatching 调度

dispatcher 调度员

crossover 渡线，转线轨道

rail 钢轨

track 轨道

sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕

rail chair 轨座

buffer s, bumping t 缓冲桩

goods shed, freight depot 货棚

goods station 货运站，货站

container 集装箱

lootive (engine) shed 机

station warning sign 进站预告标

clearance 净空

(signal) gantry （上支持信号装置的）跨线桥

barrier （道口）拦路木

section 路段

reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）

bell and whistle sign, whistle sign 鸣笛预告标

platform car, flat car 平车

grade crossing, ll crossing （道路与的）平面交叉

track-laying machine, tracklayer 铺轨机

double line (track) rail 双线

volume of railway freight 货运量

railway connections 交叉点，联络线

railway warning sign 标志

railway clearance 净空

railroad bed 路基

railway curve 曲线（弯道）

railway tunnel 隧道

railway line, railroad line 线

s sign(al) 停车标志（信号）

er sign(al) 危险标志（信号）

unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口

signal light (lamp) 信号灯

signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房

signalman 信号员

wing rail (of frog) 翼轨

distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机

back-turning section 折返段

frog 辙叉，岔心

turn-table 车台，旋车盘

point (box), switch (box) 转辙器

switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号

D&B 钻炸法（Drill and Blow）

TBM 全断面隧道钻掘机（Tunnel Bore Machine）

T.H. 上半断面（Top Height）

B 台阶（Bench）

I 仰拱（Invert）

NATM 新奥工法（New Austrian Tunnel Mod）

RMR 岩体评分（Rock Mental Ratio）

RQD 岩石品质指标（Rock Quality Directive）

T.I. 临时仰拱（Temporary Invert）

CCM 明挖覆盖工法（Cut and Cover Mod）

有没有教人辨别英语词汇的软件

百词斩算吧

它是会将每个单词在字体上进行变换与意思有关系

比如farmer的r会变成锄头表示农民

如何在线查询化学专业英语词汇

有个网站还不错，化工引擎，可以试试

:chemyq./

各种名词、产品都有

跪求电子科技大学的专业英语词汇

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(UESTC)

你说的是全称是吧，就是这个

有没有大学生英语词汇的游戏软件？

现在国内暂时还没有，你若想多学词汇可以多看全真字典词汇书。

有没有自动播放高中英语词汇的软件

有呀，金山词霸，背单词，然后可以选择高中阶段的

服装的专业英语词汇有哪些特点

一 有词缀的单词多

词缀法（affixation）是主要构词法之一，包括前缀法（prefixation）和后缀法（suffix－ation），就是将前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）置于词干左右，前缀一般改变词义，后缀一般改变词性。这些词缀大多用来描述服装面料的特性，服装英语中常见的词缀有：

（1）常见前缀 ‘anti-’表示“耐…的，抗…的，防…的”，如：an－ti-water（防水的），anti—static（防静电的）；‘poly-’表示“聚”、“聚合”，如：polyeste（r涤纶），polyamide（锦纶）；

‘inter-’表示“在…之间”，如：interlaye（r夹层），interlace（交织花纹），interlock（联锁）。

（2）常见后缀

‘–ation’表示动作过程或结果，如：fabrication（加工作业，制作），elongation（伸长，拉长）；‘–ity’表示特性或者状态，如：drapability（悬垂性），durability（耐穿性），elasticity（弹性）；‘-proof’表示“耐…的，抗…的，防…的”，如：dampproof（防潮的），moistureproo（f防湿的），water－proo（f防水的）。

在学习服装英语的过程中应尽量多地掌握前缀、后缀以及其派生出的词汇，扩大词汇量，提高阅读速度及翻译能力。

二 合成词多

合成法（pounding）是将一个词干置于另一个词干的前后。合成词的写法有三种：连起来写，中间有连字符，分开写。由于合成法的方便易行，服装英语中大量的专业词汇是合成词。

（1）连起来写，如与“over”合成的词overcoa（t大衣），overclothes（大衣）和overgarmen（t大衣）；与“un－der”合成的词underclothes（内衣），underdress（内衣），undergarmen（t内衣）以及underwea（r内衣）。

（2）中间有连字符，如“A-line（A

字裙）”、“ac－cordion-pleat（风琴褶）”、“bell-type（喇叭型的）”、“double-breasted（双排扣的）”、“fish-tail（鱼尾型的）”、“high-wais（t高腰的）”以及“three-piece（三件套的）”等，这类词多为描述服装样式的词。

（3）分开写，这类词多指各式各样的配饰或衣服。如与‘belt’合成的词，表示各种腰带：fashion belt（时尚腰带），metallic

chain bel（t金属链式腰带），in－side belt（内用腰带）以及outer

bel（t外用腰带）等；与‘coat’合成的词，表示各种外套：ning coa（t晚礼服大衣），morning coa（t晨礼服），fur

coa（t毛皮大衣）以及long coa（t长大衣）等。

服装英语中合成词虽然很多，但这些词往往是由两至三个单词合成，意思往往也是单个单词意思的组合，所以比较好记。例如，casual

是休闲的意思，coat 是上衣的意思，socks 是袜子的意思，casual 与coat组合就成为casual

coat，意思为休闲上衣；casu－al与socks 组合成为casual socks，意思为休闲袜。

三 缩短词多

缩短法（clipping）就是去掉一个较长单词的一部分后得到一个单词。如：brassiere———bra（胸罩）和pantaloon———pan（t裤子）。

四 缩略词多

缩略词（acronymy）是由一组词中各词的首字母组合而成的词。根据读音的不同，又分为“initiali s”和“acronyms”。“initiali ”中的每个字母都要单独发音，而“acronym”中的各字母组合后可以发成一个单词的音。服装英语中的缩略词多属于前者，如表示身体维度的词“BL（bust

line 胸围线）”、“WL（waist line 腰围线）”、“MLH（middle hipline 中臀围线）”等。

希望能对你有帮助，一定要采纳我的哦！

室内设计专业英语词汇的书哪本好

没有专门的室内设计英语词汇书籍，泊恩凯尔觉得你真是想学的话，去网站上搜素就可以了，将搜索的单词挑选一下。

然后买一本英文的室内设计英文的书籍，然后一点一点的看。不会的就查单词，这样一点一点的积累，时间长了，你的英语水平就会有质的提升。

那个软件更适合于查询翻译专业英语词汇？医学英语

在电脑及网络上使用的话可以装灵格斯（别忘记专门的医学词汇包）、有道词典（大量双语例句很方便），如果是手机强烈韦氏医学辞典（权威、量大），这几个都有发音，装上语音库非常好用~~如果有时间在查词语同时应该多看看相关例句，对词义会有更贴切的理解。

医学英语任重道远，希望对你有所帮助~~